What structure limits retrusion in the temporomandibular joint?

The correct answer highlights the role of the TM ligament and soft tissue in the retrodiscal area in limiting retrusion within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The TM ligament is crucial for providing stability to the joint and acts as a restraint against excessive backward movement (retrusion) of the mandible. This ligament serves to prevent hyperextension and helps maintain the alignment of the joint during functional activities such as chewing and speaking.

Additionally, the soft tissue in the retrodiscal area, which includes various ligaments and connective tissues, further contributes to the support and limitation of joint movements. Together, they create a system that efficiently manages the range of motion while protecting against potential injury or dislocation during movements of the jaw.

The other options, while they might involve components of the TMJ or surrounding musculature, do not specifically address the mechanisms that limit retrusion. For example, muscles such as the masseter and temporalis are primarily involved in elevating the mandible rather than restricting backward movement. Similarly, structures like the articular disc and synovial membrane, while important for joint function and lubrication, do not play a direct role in limiting retrusion. The anterior glenoid spine and lateral pterygoids are involved in